ADVANCED READING AND WRITING

(Brief-answer Questions)

Reading – I

18. Read the following composition attentively and answer any five of the questions:

Nationalism is one of the popular political theories which is regarded as one of the best means of controlling of power of politics of the modern world. At first, Machiavelli expressed this theory during sixteenth century. It created agitation through the world during nineteenth and twentieth century. Nationalism one day worked as the magic of emancipation of thousands of men. In general, nationalism means mental feelings and fondness of forming national life according to the will of any nation. It motivates man to political awareness. Regarding nationalism Lord Hiice said, "Nationalism means a united nation by language, literature, ideas, politics and heritage which is supposed to be separated from other similarly formed nations". However, nationalism is a mental idea. It is one kind of mental instinct and tendency through which a nation being united can live together. It has some characteristics or elements which may be geographical, racial, linguistic, religious, economic, political, historical, cultural and menial unity. These elements of nationalism play a very important role in forming a nation. But a particular element is not enough for awakening the sense of nationalism. The prime speech of nationalism is the sense of unity. So, the importance of nationalism in the modem world is unlimited. But perverted nationalism creates excessive pride in one's nation. It gradually produces imperialism. Straying nationalism encourages a nation to be aggressive towards other nations. 

      a.  What is nationalism?

           Ans : Nationalism is a political theory which is regarded as a medium of controlling of power of politics of the modern world.

      b. Who first gave the theory of nationalism?

           Ans : At first, Machiavelli gave the theory of nationalism.

      c.  When was the nationalism theory very popular?

           Ans : The nationalism theory was very popular during nineteenth and twentieth century.

      d. What things are considered in forming a nation?

           Ans :  The things considered in forming a nation are the geographical, racial, linguistic, religious, economic, political, historical, cultural and menial unity which are the elements of nationalism.

      e.  What makes a nation aggressive to others?

           Ans : Straying nationalism makes a nation aggressive to others.

      f.  Why is nationalism important in modern world?

           Ans : Nationalism is important in modern world because its prime speech is unity.

      g.  What kind of nationalism is harmful?

           Ans : Perverted nationalism is harmful.

      h. Why is perverted nationalism harmful?

           Ans : Perverted nationalism is harmful because it creates excessive pride in one's nation.

      i.   What are the elements of nationalism?

           Ans : The geographical, racial, linguistic, religious, economic, political, historical, cultural and menial unity are the elements of nationalism.

      j.  Give a suitable title of the passage.

           Ans : Nationalism in Modern World.